Thanks Peter, appreciate the clarification. That’s kind of what was baking my noodle - I was also expecting a weaker mix, but now with your latest explanation it makes a lot of sense as to what is happening.  To support your logic: I always wondered why putting on the factory air-box would bring about the same richening effect. I had put it down to a restrictive box or my K&N filter being a little clogged. But then the factory box has built-in 40mm tall trumpets on its back-plate which,